{"product_id":"mots-c","title":"MOTS-c","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAbout MOTS-c\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is a sixteen residue peptide encoded not by nuclear DNA but by the mitochondrial genome, within the 12S ribosomal RNA region. Peptides of this class are described in the literature as mitochondrial derived peptides, a group identified only in recent decades and studied for the signalling roles they appear to occupy between the mitochondrion and the rest of the cell. Peptsche supplies it as a lyophilized powder sealed in a single use glass vial, a format stable through transport and cold storage. Peptsche supplies MOTS-c strictly as a research material for controlled laboratory investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAvailable Sizes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis listing covers a single vial configuration. Every lot is assayed before release, so the stated purity applies to the batch shipped.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e10mg vial of lyophilized MOTS-c, 99% or greater purity by HPLC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA type-c)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eResearch use only. Laboratory and in vitro investigation.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWhite to off white lyophilized powder\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC₁₀₂H₁₅₃N₂₅O₂₆S₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eapproximately 2174 g\/mol. No pharmacopoeial monograph exists for this compound, so a precise value to two decimal places is not available from an authoritative source.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1627580-64-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/155885767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e155885767\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSixteen residues, one letter MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMitochondrial derived peptide MOTS-c\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e99% or greater by HPLC, verified per batch\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStore sealed at 2 to 8 °C, protected from heat, light and moisture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulatory Status\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot approved as a medicine in any jurisdiction. Not approved for human or veterinary use.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is MOTS-c?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe defining feature of MOTS-c is its origin. Most peptides studied in a laboratory are transcribed from nuclear genes; this one is read from a short open reading frame inside the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. That placement is what prompted the description of a distinct class of mitochondrial derived peptides, and it is the reason the compound is used as a probe for communication running outward from the mitochondrion rather than inward toward it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sequence is short at sixteen residues and carries a net positive charge at physiological pH, a property that features in reported handling behaviour and in discussions of how the peptide distributes in cell culture. It contains two methionine residues, which is relevant to analytical work because methionine is susceptible to oxidation and can complicate chromatographic profiles if material is stored poorly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe published record consists of cell and animal work conducted by academic groups. Those findings describe the compound as studied under defined laboratory conditions and do not characterise outcomes in humans. Peptsche makes no claim that this compound produces any outcome in a human or animal subject.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMOTS-c Mechanism of Action (Research Only)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMechanistic interest centres on a metabolic signalling route rather than a classical receptor. The summaries below describe reported cell level observations, not effects in humans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eThe Folate Cycle and AICAR Route\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLee and colleagues reported that MOTS-c influences the folate cycle and the purine biosynthesis pathway that runs from it, with accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, commonly abbreviated AICAR. AICAR is a recognised activator of AMP activated protein kinase, and this indirect route is the mechanism most often cited in the literature. Notably, no cell surface receptor for the peptide has been established.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eNuclear Translocation Under Metabolic Stress\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSubsequent work described movement of the peptide into the nucleus under conditions of metabolic stress, where it was reported to associate with stress responsive transcription factors. This observation is what underpins the description of MOTS-c as a retrograde signal, carrying information from the mitochondrion to nuclear gene expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAn Endogenous Peptide Without an Approved Reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause the peptide occurs naturally but has no marketed counterpart, laboratory material cannot be benchmarked against a pharmacopoeial standard. Characterisation rests on the batch certificate of analysis and on published sequence and mass data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eIntegrated Mechanistic Profile\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe published literature describes MOTS-c through three connected themes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndirect kinase activation.\u003c\/strong\u003e Folate cycle interference leading to AICAR accumulation and downstream AMP activated protein kinase activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRetrograde signalling.\u003c\/strong\u003e Reported nuclear translocation under metabolic stress and association with stress responsive transcription factors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial origin.\u003c\/strong\u003e Encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene rather than by nuclear DNA.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e MOTS-c is supplied strictly for research use only. It is intended as an experimental compound for qualified laboratory personnel and is not a drug, food or cosmetic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is supplied exclusively for laboratory research use and is not intended for human or veterinary application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Applications (Observations from Studies)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe areas below describe reported research uses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eCellular Metabolism Assays\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe characteristic experiment measures glucose uptake, oxygen consumption rate or extracellular acidification in cultured myotubes or hepatocytes, with phosphorylation state of AMP activated protein kinase read by immunoblot as a companion endpoint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMitochondrial Derived Peptide Comparison\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compound is frequently placed alongside humanin and the SHLP family to ask how members of this class differ within one assay system. Observations from that work belong to the systems and conditions described in each publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAnalytical Method Development\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaboratories building chromatographic or mass spectrometric methods for short cationic peptides use material of this kind to establish retention and fragmentation behaviour. The two methionine residues make it a useful test case for oxidation monitoring during method validation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is supplied exclusively for laboratory research use and is not intended for human or veterinary application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMOTS-c Compared With Related Research Compounds\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe table below places MOTS-c alongside two related compounds in the Peptsche range. It is offered to clarify differences in classification, molecular target and research context. It should not be read as a comparison of clinical performance, safety, or suitability for any application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristic\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Classification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSixteen residue mitochondrial derived peptide encoded in the 12S ribosomal RNA gene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDinucleotide coenzyme, not a peptide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynthetic tetrapeptide with alternating aromatic and basic residues\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Molecular Target\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo established cell surface receptor. Acts indirectly through the folate cycle and AICAR accumulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eActs as a redox cofactor and substrate for sirtuins and PARP enzymes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAssociates with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic Profile\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndirect AMP activated protein kinase activation, with reported nuclear translocation under metabolic stress\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParticipates directly in electron transfer and in enzymatic reactions consuming the dinucleotide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReported to influence cristae architecture and electron transport efficiency through a lipid interaction rather than a receptor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Research Focus\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCellular metabolism assays, mitochondrial derived peptide comparison, analytical method development\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRedox biology, sirtuin enzymology, cofactor availability studies\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane biophysics\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegulatory Status\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot approved as a medicine in any jurisdiction and not approved for human or veterinary use\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot approved as a medicine in any jurisdiction and not approved for human or veterinary use\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInvestigational compound. Not approved as a medicine in any jurisdiction and not approved for human or veterinary use\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is supplied exclusively for laboratory research use and is not intended for human or veterinary application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eLaboratory Handling and Storage Considerations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLyophilized MOTS-c should be stored sealed at 2 to 8 °C, protected from heat, light and moisture. The powder is hygroscopic, so vials should reach ambient temperature before opening to prevent condensation onto the cake. The sequence carries two methionine residues that are susceptible to oxidation, so prolonged exposure to air and light should be avoided and solutions should be prepared fresh where the protocol allows. The peptide is cationic and can adsorb to glass and plastic, so low binding labware is commonly selected. Prepared solutions should be aliquoted rather than cycled through freezing and thawing, and every container should carry identity, lot number and preparation date.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory Safety Considerations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe practices below apply to routine handling in a research setting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePersonal protective equipment:\u003c\/strong\u003e Wear nitrile gloves, a laboratory coat and safety glasses whenever a vial is open.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEngineering controls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Weigh and prepare solutions in a certified fume hood to limit powder dispersal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExposure prevention:\u003c\/strong\u003e Avoid skin, eye and mucous membrane contact and wash hands afterwards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Keep sealed vials at 2 to 8 °C in a dedicated research chemical location.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpill response:\u003c\/strong\u003e Collect spilled powder without raising dust and treat residue as chemical waste.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDisposal:\u003c\/strong\u003e Discard unused material and contaminated consumables through the institutional chemical waste stream.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDocumentation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Record lot number, receipt date and each preparation so results stay traceable to a batch.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCertificate of Analysis and Quality Assurance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery production lot of MOTS-c supplied by Peptsche undergoes analytical evaluation, and a batch specific Certificate of Analysis accompanies each order to support research documentation, quality control and experimental consistency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach Certificate of Analysis typically includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIdentity verification\u003c\/strong\u003e using analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry to confirm the molecular characteristics of the material supplied.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity analysis\u003c\/strong\u003e performed by high performance liquid chromatography to quantify purity and identify potential impurities.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBatch documentation\u003c\/strong\u003e recording lot number, testing date, analytical methods applied and quality assessment results.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTraceability information\u003c\/strong\u003e to support laboratory recordkeeping and reproducibility across research workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePeptsche works with Janoshik Analytical, an independent testing laboratory, for third party verification of research material quality. Independent testing provides transparency and confidence in product identity, consistency and sourcing, and batch specific documentation can be retained as part of laboratory records and internal quality procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is supplied exclusively for laboratory research use and is not intended for human or veterinary application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is MOTS-c?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is a sixteen residue peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene rather than by nuclear DNA, placing it in the class described as mitochondrial derived peptides. It is not approved as a medicine in any jurisdiction and is not approved for human or veterinary use. Peptsche supplies it as a lyophilized powder sealed in a single use glass vial for controlled laboratory investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is MOTS-c studied for in research?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublished laboratory work covers cellular metabolism assays measuring glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in cultured myotubes and hepatocytes, comparison against other mitochondrial derived peptides such as humanin, and analytical method development for short cationic peptides. These describe areas of laboratory study rather than established outcomes outside those experimental systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does MOTS-c work in laboratory research?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the systems described in the literature the peptide influences the folate cycle and the purine biosynthesis pathway running from it, with accumulation of AICAR, a recognised activator of AMP activated protein kinase. No cell surface receptor has been established, so the route is described as indirect. Separate work reported movement of the peptide into the nucleus under metabolic stress and association with stress responsive transcription factors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow is the quality of Peptsche MOTS-c verified?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery production lot of Peptsche MOTS-c is evaluated analytically, with identity confirmed using techniques such as mass spectrometry and purity quantified by high performance liquid chromatography against the stated specification of 99% or greater. Peptsche works with Janoshik Analytical, an independent testing laboratory, for third party verification, and a batch specific Certificate of Analysis accompanies each order.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow should unopened MOTS-c be stored?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnopened vials should be stored sealed at 2 to 8 °C, protected from heat, light and moisture. Vials should reach ambient temperature before opening so condensation does not form on the cold powder. Because the sequence contains two oxidation sensitive methionine residues, exposure to air and light should be kept brief. Lot number, receipt date and storage conditions should be recorded in laboratory documentation so results stay traceable to a batch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs MOTS-c intended for human use?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. MOTS-c is supplied strictly for laboratory research use only. It is not approved for human consumption, veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment or any medical application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy do researchers choose Peptsche for MOTS-c?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePeptsche supplies MOTS-c at 99% or greater purity by HPLC, verified per batch, as a lyophilized powder sealed in a single use glass vial that stays stable through transport and cold storage. Because no pharmacopoeial monograph exists for this compound, batch specific analytical documentation and independent third party confirmatory analysis are what support reproducibility across research workflows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eScientific References\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, Sallam T, Martin-Montalvo A, Wan J, Kim SJ, Mehta H, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2015;21(3):443 to 454. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25738459\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25738459\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C. The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cell Metabolism. 2018;28(3):516 to 524. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29983246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29983246\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMerry TL, Chan A, Woodhead JST, Reynolds JC, Kumagai H, Kim SJ, Lee C. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism. American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2020;319(4):E659 to E666. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32776825\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32776825\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eRESEARCH USE ONLY\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese compounds are NOT intended for human consumption, clinical use, or veterinary applications. We are not affiliated with any pharmaceutical companies or their commercial medications. By placing an order, you certify these materials will be used exclusively for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug, food or cosmetic.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Peptsche","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":43809483685951,"sku":"PEP-MOTSC-10MG","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0675\/7394\/0287\/files\/6edd0e8c-5288-404c-9d2b-ee7b0ebc2d2b.png?v=1788106990","url":"https:\/\/peptsche.com\/products\/mots-c","provider":"Peptsche","version":"1.0","type":"link"}